This is the smartphone version. The earlier and fuller version, which discusses the Indonesian language as well, can be found here.
Lesson 59 Pekerjaan (Occupations)
Click to listen to the Malay sentences.
A second reading (by Michelle Nor Ismat, a native speaker)
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tukang masak tukang rambut tukang kebun jururawat jurubahasa jurucakap penyanyi pemandu teksi penulis guru wartawan setiausaha |
cook barber gardener nurse interpreter spokesperson singer taxidriver writer teacher journalist secretary |
The words denoting the various occupations are best learnt by putting them into 4 groups (their meanings are given in the table below):
(i) words that come after the word tukang (meaning skilled workman or craftsman) but are not joined to it (words in the first column)
(ii) words that come after juru and are joined to it to form a single word (meaning a skilled worker other than a handicraftsman) as in the second column
(iii) words that begin with the pe(N) prefix (words in the third column). The rules regarding the use of the pe(N) prefix are explained in the Appendix.
(iv) words that don't follow any of the above rules but just stand by themselves are shown in the fourth column.
Here is a table of some common occupations with their English equivalents:
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tukang masak = cook tukang rambut = barber tukang kebun = gardener tukang kayu = carpenter tukang emas = goldsmith tukang besi = blacksmith tukang jahit = tailor tukang gambar = photographer tukang paip = plumber tukang jam = watch-repairer tukang cat = painter (house) tukang kasut = cobbler tukang kunci = locksmith tukang urut = masseur/masseuse |
jururawat = nurse jurubahasa = interpreter jurucakap = spokesperson juruterbang = pilot jurutaip = typist juruwang = cashier jurutera = engineer jurutrengkas = stenographer juruhebah = announcer jurujual = salesperson jurulatih = coach juruelektrik = electrician |
pengurus = manager penterjemah = translator pensyarah = lecturer peniaga = businessman pengarang = editor pengarah = director pelayan = waitress pemberita = reporter penyambut = receptionist penari = dancer pelukis = painter (artist) pelakon = actor pegawai = officer pengawal keselamatan = security guard |
pakar = expert, specialist guru besar = headmaster wartawan = journalist setiausaha = secretary askar = soldier mata-mata/polis = policeman saudagar = merchant peguam = lawyer duta besar = ambassador jaga = watchman kerani = clerk akauntan = accountant arkitek = architect orang gaji = servant ahli bahasa = linguist |
Both tukang gambar and jurugambar are used for a photographer.
Similarly both juru kira-kira and akauntan (English word adapted to Malay spelling) mean an accountant.
And you can use either pemberita or wartawan for a reporter or journalist.
Actually the word kira by itself means to count though it is frequently used in the sense of assuming something eg. Saya kira dia tidak akan datang means "I think he is not coming."
You can also say Saya ingat dia tidak akan datang as we have seen earlier in Lesson 52.
Regarding the third group i.e. words beginning with the pe(N) prefix:
For the moment just be aware that the pe(N) prefix can take the following forms: pe-, pem-, pen-, peng-, peny- depending on the initial letter of the root word.
The most usual way of asking a person's occupation is: Apa pekerjaan anda? (= What's your job?) or
Apa pekerjaannya? (= What's his/her job?)
Note that when we talk about a person's occupation the verb "to be" is normally left out of the Malay sentence. Thus to say "He is a journalist" you only have to say Dia wartawan (literally "he journalist") though you can also say Dia seorang wartawan or if you feel the need to put in a verb: Dia adalah seorang wartawan.
When talking about your job you can always start by saying Saya bekerja sebagai..... (I work as a .....) followed by the name of your profession. Thus: Saya bekerja sebagai tukang masak di Restoran Hamidah. (I work as a cook in Hamidah's Restaurant.)
Situations
Closely linked to occupations are what might be called situations, that is where one does not have an occupation for one reason or another. Such is the case of housewives, pensioners, students or the unemployed. Here are the relevant words and sentences to help you learn how to use them:
Saya suri rumah tangga. (I am a housewife.)
Saya tidak bekerja lagi. Saya pesara. (I'm not working anymore. I'm a pensioner.)
Saya pelajar di Universiti Sains. (I'm a student at Science University.)
Saya tidak ada pekerjaan. Saya menganggur. (I don't have a job. I'm unemployed.)
In case you are a temporary worker you could say: Saya tidak mempunyai pekerjaan tetap, saya pekerja sementara di Metrojaya. = I don't have a permanent job, I'm a temporary worker at Metrojaya (or whatever).
But if you are a part-time worker then you have to say: Saya pekerja sambilan di Plaza Merdeka. = I am a part-time worker at Plaza Merdeka (or whatever).
Don't be discouraged!
Language purists, please skip reading what follows. It is not for you! Sorry.
I don't remember if I have said this earlier. Never, never be afraid to campur (mix) English words with Malay if you don't know how to say them in Bahasa Malaysia. All Malaysians do that so as a foreigner learning Malay you also have a right to it! Even the well-educated Malays do that (in this case it's not because they don't know how to say the whole thing in Malay). Somehow a sprinkling of English with Malay in a conversation makes the setting more easy-going or relaxed and less formal. A good example is in using the English word "you" among friends in the place of anda, kamu or awak as in:
Bila you nak pergi? (When are you going?). Or the boss could tell his secretary "Make sure saya tak ada appointment untuk esok ya?" (Do I need to translate this into English?)
Even the people at the very top do campur their Malay with English (or the other way round if you prefer, producing what is called "manglish" or Malaysian English). This, for example, is part of a verbatim report of what the former Prime Minister Tun Dr Mahathir Mohamad said when talking to reporters: "You tak boleh publish ini semua in the newspapers. It's all censored." (From a Sun2Surf report dated April 13, 2006).
So when your Malay vocabulary falls short and you have to bring in an English word or phrase, just do it and remember that you are in good company!
In fact this sprinkling of English words with Malay is so prevalent that the Arts, Culture and Heritage Minister Datuk Seri Dr Rais Yatim was reported to have told The Star newspaper on April 18, 2004: "And most glaring is how language is being spoken in the country. That can also be a question for (the) Education (Ministry) but in the heritage department, we would like to say: Do not make the language so rojak so as to make it unintelligible in the future. The French don't mix their language with other words. But in Malaysia, half our sentences is in English while the other half is in Malay. In the end, we don't pick up the good parts in either language."
But then even Members of Parliament do this (mixing English and Malay in their speeches in the Malaysian Parliament) so much so that the Speaker had to bring this matter up as in the following report (though knowing the state of things in Malaysia I doubt this will have much effect):
KUALA LUMPUR, April 18, 2006 (Bernama) - Dewan Rakyat Speaker Tan Sri Ramli Ngah Talib Tuesday ticked off some members of the Dewan Rakyat who mixed up Malay and English when addressing the House, describing their act as polluting the Malay language. He said the reminder was made after it was found that, on several occasions, Members of Parliament (MPs) did not use the Malay language in full but alternated by speaking in English in the Dewan Rakyat.
Well, there are pedantics everywhere. I personally feel that those who are truly bilingual (in whatever languages) will agree with me that certain things are best said in one language and other things in another so in the case of such people it is not uncommon for them to use two languages in the same sentence!
But having said that I think I don't have to tell you that "campuring" Malay with English in an examination (even oral) is bound to give you a very, very bad note. And don't count on me to tell your examiner that it's all right to do so!
Note though that there are quite a number of English words that have full legitimacy in Malay (though they might be spelt the Malay way) as there are no Malay words for them. I am sure you must have already noticed them, words such as teksi, beg, filem, kempen etc.